Huakaʻi Neʻekau
"Eia Hawaiʻi, he moku, he kanaka. He kanaka Hawaiʻi ē. He kama na Kahiki."
Here is Hawaiʻi. It is an island, a person. It is a Hawaiian person. A child of Kahiki.
 — Kamahualele

E kala kahiko i hiki mai ai nā kānaka mua i Hawaiʻi nei. Ma mua naʻe o laila, ua nele kēia mau mokupuni i ke kanaka ʻole. ʻAʻohe loʻi kalo, ʻaʻole loko iʻa, ʻaʻohe alanui. ʻAʻohe Prince Kūhiō Plaza, ʻaʻohe Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Pīhopa, ʻaʻohe wahi pāpaʻi! Pehea lā kākou i hiki mai ai i ʻaneʻi nei? Ma ka huakaʻi neʻekau nō hoʻi.

He aha ia mea he huakaʻi neʻekau?

Ua haʻalele ko kākou kūpuna kahiko loa mai ko lākou one hānau mai, a holo no ka ʻāina hou, no Hawaiʻi nei. Kapa ʻia kēlā he huakaʻi neʻekau. Ua hiki pū i nā holoholona a me ka mea kanu ke neʻekau. A ʻo ia ihola nā mea mua i noho mai ma Hawaiʻi nei.

ʻO ka neʻekau, ʻo ia ka neʻe ʻana mai kekahi wahi i kekahi wahi ʻokoʻa e noho ai. ʻO ke kanaka, ka holoholona, ka mea kanu, ka lepo, a me ke one nā mea hiki ke neʻekau.

Na ka makani e halihali i ka mea kanu a me ka lepo paha i ʻō i ʻaneʻi. Neʻekau ka holoholona e ʻimi a loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, a e hānau a hānai ai paha i kā lākou keiki ma kahi palekana. Ua neʻekau kānaka i ʻō a ʻō o ka honua. Inā ma ka ʻāina ka neʻekau ʻana, he maʻamau hoʻi ke kōkua ʻia o ke kanaka e nā holoholona—ʻo ka lio ʻoe, ʻo ke kāmelo ʻoe, ʻo ka ʻelepani ʻoe.

I kēia wā, he kaʻa, he kaʻaahi, he moku, a he mokulele ko kānaka e neʻekau ai. ʻOiai hoʻi ua noho nō paha kou ʻohana a kupa ma kekahi wahi, maliʻa, he kaʻau hanauna aku nei i neʻekau ai mai kekahi wahi ʻokoʻa a i kou kulaiwi o kēia mau hanauna nei. ʻO ko kākou wahi noho o kēia hanauna nei ka hopena o kekahi mau neʻekau ʻana o nā hanauna ʻohana.

He aha ka huakaʻi neʻekau kupaianaha loa?

ʻAʻohe kaʻa, ʻaʻohe moku, ʻaʻohe mokulele, ʻaʻohe lio, ʻaʻohe kāmelo, ʻaʻohe ʻelepani o ko kākou mau kūpuna kahiko loa. No ka hiki ʻana mai i Hawaiʻi nei mai kekahi pae moku, he holomoana ka hana, ma luna hoʻi o ka waʻa. ʻO ko lākou waʻa, na lākou iho nō i kāpili, mai ka paukū lāʻau nunui i kālai ʻia me nā mea hana pōhaku.=

He mau kaukani mile ka holo ʻana ma ka moana kūlewa a hōʻea mai i kēia pae ʻāina. ʻAʻohe palapala ʻāina. Ua hoʻokele ʻia ka waʻa ma ke kilo ʻana i ka lā, ka mahina, nā hōkū, ka makani, nā au, a me nā manu. No laila, i mea e pae pono ai i ka ʻāina e holo ʻia ana ma ka waʻa, he mākaukau, he hoʻolālā, a he akamai ka pono.

No laila hoʻi e manaʻo ʻia nei ʻo ka huakaʻi neʻekau kupaianaha loa o ka honua a puni, ʻo ia kā ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i huakaʻi mai ai.

Me ka noʻeau, ka ʻike makawalu, a me ka naʻauao o nā hanauna ma mua, ua makahiʻo ka poʻe kahiko i ka moana nui ākea. Ua ʻike lākou i nā ʻāina hou, a laila, ua hoʻi i ka ʻāina kulaiwi e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka neʻekau ʻana a me ka noho paʻa ʻana ma ia ʻāina hou.

ʻO ia mau kūpuna Polenekia, ʻo ia nā ʻōiwi o Pīkī, Tonga, Sāmoa, Polapola, Lalokona, Nuʻuhiwa, Tuamotu, Rapa Nui, Hawaiʻi, a me Aotearoa.

He welo holokai

He aloha nui paha kou i ke kai? Mai nā kūpuna kūliʻu mai nō paha ia aloha i ulu ai a lau ai a liko aʻe ai mai nā kūʻono o ka naʻau.

ʻO nā kūpuna mua i hiki aku i Polenekia Komohana (ʻo Pīkī, Tonga, a me Sāmoa) he ʻekolu kaukani a ʻoi makahiki aku nei, he loea nō ma ka holomoana.

He poʻe holomoana ko lākou kūpuna i haʻalele iā ʻĀkia no nā mokupuni o ʻĀkia Hikina Hema a me Melanikia. A laila aku i Polenekia Komohana, kahi i noho loa ai no nā hanauna he nui. A laila aku i Polenekia Hikina Kūwaena (ʻo Lalokona, Tuamotu, Nuʻuhiwa, a me Polapola). 


Hana nui ka hoe waʻa ʻana, keu aku hoʻi he mano mile i kekahi pae moku aʻe. Ua akamai ko kākou kūpuna. Hoʻohana ʻia ka makani nāna e puhi i ka peʻa e holo loa ai me ka hoe ʻole.

Pēlā i holo ai mai kēlā kihi a kēia kihi o ka moana Pākīpika. Ma ko lākou akamai ma ka ʻike moana, ka ʻike hōkū, ka ʻike lā, a me ka ʻike manu i nalowale ʻole ai lākou.

Ua ʻike ko kākou kūpuna Hawaiʻi he 600 a ʻoi mau inoa makani! Ua ʻike pū i kahi e pā mai ai, ke ala e holo ai, ka hola o ka lā e pā mai ai, a me ka ikaika o ka pā ʻana.

Aia nō ke mele ʻia nei ka makani ma nā mele o kēia ao, aia nō ke moʻolelo ʻia nei ma nā moʻolelo, aia nō hoʻi ke kilo ʻia nei e ka lawaiʻa, ka mahi ʻai, a ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. E like me ke koʻikoʻi o ia ʻano ʻike i ko kākou kūpuna e ola loa ai me ka maikaʻi, pēlā pū iā kākou.

Hoʻokolo ʻia kahi hoʻomaka o nā huakaʻi neʻekau, aia i ka mokuhonua ʻo ʻĀkia. ʻEkolu kaukani a ʻoi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua haʻalele nā pūʻulu kanaka mua iā ʻĀkia, a ua holo maila ma o nā mokupuni o ʻĀkia Hikina Hema a me Melanikia. He poʻe kēia i loea ma ka holomoana. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi, ua pae lākou ma nā pae ʻāina ʻo Pīkī, Tonga, a me Sāmoa. Ua noho nō kēia poʻe kūpuna i laila, i Polenekia Komohana, no nā hanauna he nui. Hoʻomau maila lākou i ka makahiʻo i nā mokupuni o Polenekia Hikina Kūwaena (ʻo Lalokona, Tuamotu, Nuʻuhiwa, a me Polapola).


No hea mai ke kupuna Hawaiʻi mua?

No Polenekia Hikina Kūwaena nā kūpuna o ka lāhui Hawaiʻi, ʻaʻole no hoʻokahi wale nō mokupuni, a i ʻole hoʻokahi wale nō pae ʻāina. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ia ʻike ma nā moʻolelo kuʻuna a me ka hana a nā kānaka kālaikoehana. Ma nā moʻolelo kahiko, kapa ʻia ia wahi ʻo Kahiki. Nui nā huakaʻi ma waena o Hawaiʻi a me nā mokupuni o Kahiki.

He hana nanea: Inā paha ua loaʻa ma kāu kamepiula ka polokalamu ʻo Google Earth, e kikokiko ʻoe iā “Tuamotu” ma ka pahu huli a kaomi iā “huli.” Aia a ʻike ʻia ʻo Tuamotu mā, e kikokiko iā “Hawaii” a kaomi hou iā “huli.” ʻIke ʻia ka nui o ka huli ʻana o ka honua a hiki aku i Hawaiʻi. Hiki anei ke ʻike iā Tuamotu mā i ka manawa e nānā ʻia ana o Hawaiʻi ma Google Earth? E hoʻomoeā i ka holokai ʻana o ʻoukou me kou ʻohana mai Tuamotu a hiki loa aku i Hawaiʻi ma luna o ka waʻa. He aha kāu e ʻike ai, e lohe ai, e honi ai, a e hoʻopā ai? Pehea hoʻi ka pā o ka naʻau?

 

Ināhea i hōʻea mai ai nā kūpuna o kākou i Hawaiʻi?

Ma ka moʻolelo a me ka moʻokūʻauhau e aʻo ai no nā huakaʻi neʻekau i hōʻea mai ma Hawaiʻi. Ua paʻa ia mau mea i nā kūʻauhau o ke alo aliʻi, a na lākou i aʻo aku e mau ai ia ʻike. He mau moʻolelo no ka huakaʻi ʻana no Hawaiʻi mai Kahiki, a no Kahiki mai Hawaiʻi. Helu ʻia ka inoa o kekahi mau holokai kaulana ma nā moʻokūʻauhau. He kōkua nō ia mau moʻolelo a moʻokūʻauhau, ʻaʻole naʻe nui nā lāliʻi no nā huakaʻi mua loa. No laila, paʻakikī ka ʻike maopopo leʻa ʻana ʻo ka wā hea i hiki mai ai nā kūpuna mua loa i Hawaiʻi.

ʻOi aku nā lāliʻi no nā huakaʻi neʻekau hope ma nā moʻolelo a moʻokūʻauhau. He mau moʻolelo ia no nā aliʻi me ko lākou mau ʻohana e holo ana i waena o Kahiki a me Hawaiʻi. ʻO ka huakaʻi a Nanaulu paha ka maka mua o ia wā neʻekau. ʻO nā aliʻi ʻo ʻOlopana, Moʻikeha, Kahaʻi, a me Laʻamaikahiki pū kekahi i huakaʻi ma ia wā. Mai ka huakaʻi mua a Nanaulu a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka wā o nā huakaʻi neʻekau nui, he ʻumikūmāiwa hanauna ka lōʻihi. A ua pau ka wā huakaʻi neʻekau nui he ʻumikūmāiwa hanauna ma mua o ka wā iā Kamehameha I.

Hiki ke mākalakala ka polopolema?

No ka hoʻomākalakala ʻana i nā polopolema ma lalo, ua like ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi hanauna me ka iwakālua makahiki.

  1. He ʻumikūmāiwa mau hanauna o ka wā o nā huakaʻi neʻekau ma waena o Hawaiʻi me Kahiki (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Polenekia Hikina Kūwaena). ʻEhia makahiki ka lōʻihi?
  2. ʻEhia makahiki ma mua o ke au iā Kamehameha (ma kahi o ka MH 1750) i hoʻomaka ai ka wā huakaʻi neʻekau he ʻumikūmāiwa mau hanauna ka lōʻihi?
  3. ʻEhia makahiki ma hope o ke au iā Kamehameha (ma kahi o ka MH 1750) i oki ai ka wā huakaʻi neʻekau he ʻumikūmāiwa mau hanauna ka lōʻihi?

 

Ma ka hulikoehana kekahi e mahuʻi ʻia ai ka manawa i holo neʻekau mai ai nā kūpuna i Hawaiʻi.

ʻO ke koehana nā mea a ke kanaka i hana ai, a i ʻole, ua hoʻopā ʻia e ke kanaka a loli auaneʻi ma kekahi ʻano. E laʻa me ke ahi hoʻomoʻa, ka makau lawaiʻa, ka heiau, a me ka pōhaku ʻalā paha e waiho ana ma kahi ʻē o kona wahi maʻamau.

ʻO ka poʻe hulikoehana kekahi i ʻike paʻa pono ʻole ʻo ka wā hea i hiki mua mai ai nā kūpuna i Hawaiʻi nei. Wahi a kekahi, he 1,500 mau makahiki aku nei ka hiki ʻana mai. Wahi a kekahi hou aku, he 600 mau makahiki aku nei.

No ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i ka nui o nā makahiki i hala, hoʻohana ka poʻe hulikoehana i ke koʻa a me nā koena meakanu. Kilo ʻia ka popopo ʻana o ia mau mea no ke koho ʻana i ka manawa i make ai ia mea. Inā ua make ke kumulāʻau i ke kua ʻia e ke kanaka i wahie a i ʻole, lawe ʻia i uka ka pūkoʻa i mōhai ma ka heiau, a laila, ua hiki i ka mea hulikoehana ke noʻonoʻo aia nō ke kanaka ma ia wahi i ia manawa.

ʻO ka mea ʻāpiki naʻe, paʻakikī ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā ʻo ka hana a ke kanaka ke kumu i make ai ia mau mea. I laʻana, ua hala ʻē ke kumulāʻau no nā makahiki he nui wale ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i wahie no kapuahi.

Ma ke kilo ʻana i ke koʻa me ka nānahu, manaʻo kekahi poʻe ma ka ʻelua kaukani makahiki aku nei ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā kūpuna kahiko i Hawaiʻi. Eia naʻe, no ka hapa nui o nā hulikoehana, kānalua lākou ʻaʻole nō paha i hana ʻia ia mau mea e ke kanaka.

No ia mau kumu, ʻaʻole kākou ʻike i ka manawa kikoʻī i hōʻea mua mai ai ke kanaka i Hawaiʻi.

No ke aha i holo ai nā kūpuna ma waena o Kahiki me Hawaiʻi?

ʻAʻole nō he wai ʻauʻau ka holomoana ʻana. Nui nā pōʻino e hālāwai ai ke kanaka ma ke kai. No ke aha lā hoʻi i holo loa ai ko kākou poʻe kūpuna ma ia ʻano huakaʻi?

ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau kumu ma loko o nā moʻolelo kahiko: ʻo ke aloha ʻohana, ka pakele ʻana i nā pōʻino o ke ao kūlohelohe, a me ke kūʻēʻē a pāoni paha ma waena o ka hānau mua me ka hānau hope.

Ma ka moʻolelo no Paʻao, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau (ʻo Wawaʻu a i ʻole ʻUpolu) ma Kahiki ma muli o ka paio ma waena o lāua ʻo kona kaikuaʻana, ʻo Lonopele.

Aia kekahi mau kumu o ka neʻekau ʻana ma nā moʻolelo no ʻOlopana, no Moʻikeha, a no ke keiki a Moʻikeha, no Laʻa. Ua holo lākou mai Oʻahu a i Waipiʻo ma Hawaiʻi e noho ai. Iā lākou ma laila, piʻi mai ke kai hoʻēʻe a e luku ana i ke awāwa. Haʻalele lākou iā Waipiʻo no Moaʻula ma Kahiki, me ka manaʻo e holo i ka ʻāina o nā kūpuna.

A hala ka manawa, hoʻi hou mai ʻo Moʻikeha i Hawaiʻi a lilo aʻela ʻo ke aliʻi nui o Kauaʻi. Ma kona wā ʻelemakule, e ake ana ʻo ia e ʻike i kāna keiki, iā Laʻa, e noho ala ma Moaʻula. No laila, hoʻouna ʻo Moʻikeha i kekahi keiki āna, iā Kila, e holo i Kahiki e kiʻi ai iā Laʻa, a hoʻihoʻi mai i Hawaiʻi.

Ua holo aku ʻo Kila a hoʻi maila me Laʻa. Ma Hawaiʻi nei, ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ʻo Laʻamaikahiki. Ua lawe mai ʻo Laʻamaikahiki he mau mea hou e like me ka pahu nui no ka heiau. Ua noho ʻo ia ma Oʻahu a ʻekolu āna keiki. ʻO kāna mau keiki ʻo Ahukinialaʻa, Lāulialaʻa, a me Kūkonaalaʻa, ʻo ia nā kūpuna o nā aliʻi o Kauaʻi a me Oʻahu.

ʻAno like nō nā kumu o ia mau huakaʻi ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻohana. He mea nui ka ʻohana, a ʻo ke aloha ʻohana kekahi kumu nui e huakaʻi loa ai. 

He aha kā nā kūpuna i lawe mai ai i Hawaiʻi?

Ua nui nā lako o Hawaiʻi ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kanaka—nui ka wai, ka lā, a me ka lepo momona. E ulu ana nō paha ma ka lihikai nā meakanu waiwai e like me ka pūhala a me ka niu, ʻoiai, hiki i ka hua o ia mau meakanu ke lana ma nā au kai, a pēlā paha i loaʻa ai ma Hawaiʻi.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma Hawaiʻi ka nui o nā meakanu a nā kūpuna i hoʻoulu ai ma ka ʻāina hānau i meaʻai, i lole, i mea hana, i lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila i lawe ʻia mai ai nā meakanu i Hawaiʻi. Pēlā i pae mai ai i Hawaiʻi nei ʻo ke kalo, ka ʻuala, ka ʻulu, ke kukui, ka maiʻa, ka uhi, ka wauke, ka milo, ke kamani, a pēlā aku.

Ua lawe mai nā kūpuna i nā holoholona kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka puaʻa, ka moa, a me ka manaʻo ʻole, lawe pū ʻia mai ka ʻiole.

He aha hou aku kā nā kūpuna i lawe mai ai i Hawaiʻi?

He mea ma‘a iā kākou ma Hawai‘i nei ‘o ka wehe ‘ana i ke kalipa a kāma‘a paha ma ka puka o ka hale. ‘A‘ole na‘e pēlā he hana ma‘amau ma kekahi ‘āina ‘ē a‘e, akā, inā aia ‘oe ma ia ‘āina ‘ē, e noke nō paha ‘oe i ia hana kuluma. He pili hemo ‘ole ka mo‘omeheu āu i ho‘opa‘a ai mai ka wā kamali‘i mai. Pēlā pū ko kākou kūpuna. 

‘O ka mea nui loa a nā kūpuna mua i lawe mai ai i Hawai‘i nei, ‘o ia ka mo‘omeheu. He mo‘omeheu Polenekia ke ‘ano; no laila, he noho lōkahi ke kanaka me nā kānaka ‘ē a‘e a me ko ke ao kūlohelohe. Ho‘omana ‘ia nā akua o ke ao kūlohelohe nona mai ka mana o ka honua, a o ke kanaka pū kekahi. He akamai ho‘olaupa‘i e ola loa ai ma ia kaiaola he mokupuni.

I ke au o ka manawa, ua loli iki nā Hawai‘i. Akā, mau nō ka like o ka ‘ōlelo me nā lāhui a pau o Polenekia. Mau nō ka noho lōkahi ‘ana. Mau nō ka ho‘omana ‘ana i nā akua o ke ao kūlohelohe. A mau nō ke akamai ho‘olaupa‘i.

‘A‘ole loa ho‘i e hala iā kākou ‘o kekahi ‘ao‘ao ikaika o nā kūpuna Hawai‘i mua loa, he kūlia mau a kūpa‘a i ka ‘oi kelakela ma ka hana a me ka haku i nā mea hou. ‘O ia ‘ano o lākou, he kahua ia o ka mo‘omeheu Hawai‘i mai ko lākou wā a hiki loa mai iō kākou nei. Ua kūkulu lākou ma luna o ke kahua Polenekia me ke akamai ho‘omāhuahua, ka makakū, a me ka no‘ono‘o pono. ‘O ka hua ho‘i o kā lākou mau hana, he mau hua lua ‘ole a puni ‘o Polenekia, a puni ho‘i paha ka honua. Eia kekahi:

  1. Ka hana kapa pa‘ūpa‘ū
  2. Ka he‘e nalu ‘ana
  3. Ka ho‘opa‘a ‘ana i ka nui ‘ike ma loko o ke mele a me ka hula
  4. Ka ho‘ohana ‘ana i nā hulu manu ma nā ‘ahu‘ula, mahiole, lei, a me nā kāhili
  5. Ka ulana ‘ana i nā moena makaloa pāwehe
  6. Ka ho‘okumu ‘ana i ka ‘ōnaehana mahi i‘a ma nā loko i‘a
  7. Ka ho‘okumu ‘ana i nā ‘auwai me nā lo‘i a me nā kīhāpai nunui e ho‘olako ana i ka mea‘ai na nā kānaka he ‘ewalu haneli kaukani a ‘oi ma mua o ka hō‘ea mai o nā lāhui ‘ē ma ka makahiki 1778.

He mau mea kēia e hō‘oia ana i ka ikaika o ka mo‘omeheu a me ka ‘ike o ka lāhui Polenekia. ‘Oiai, ua ne‘ekau mai nā kūpuna mua loa i Hawai‘i mai nā ‘āina ‘oko‘a mai, ma Hawai‘i nei nō i lilo ai lākou he lāhui Hawai‘i pono‘ī.